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Pseudopregnancy in Goats: A common cause of infertility

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TITLE: PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN GOATS: A COMMON CAUSE OF INFERTILITY

Nakul Gulia [ Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Ludhiana, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India ]
Amarjeet Bisla [ Scientist, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Ludhiana, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004 amarjeetbislav@gmail.com ]
Mrigank Honparkhe [ Principal Scientist-cum-Head, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Ludhiana, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India ]

As per the data available from the 20th livestock census (2019), India is home to 148.88 million goats, ranking second in the world. Small and marginal farmers rear the majority of goats in India. The primary purpose of rearing goats in India is for meat production, but some breeds, like Jamunapari, Jakhrana, Surti, etc., are known for milk production. Goat milk is known for its immunomodulatory as well as thrombopoietic power and it is always used to treat thrombocytopenia in diseases like Dengue in humans. As far as the reproductive efficiency of goats is concerned, pseudopregnancy, also known as hydrometra/cloud burst, is the most frequent non-infectious cause of infertility or sub-fertility in dairy goats, with an incidence ranging from 1.37-20% in various herds worldwide.

The “hydrometra” or “cloudburst” in goats is the accumulation of sterile secretions within the uterine lumen with unknown etiology and pathophysiology. It is always found to be associated with high progesterone levels secreted by persistent corpus luteum (CL), cessation of cyclical activity, variable degree of abdominal distension, and absence of fetal parts and membranes. Pseudopregnancy in goats occurs both after mating and without mating. After mating and fertilization, followed by embryonic death, the persistence of CL may lead to enlargement of the abdomen and some degree of udder development whic