INTRODUCTION:

The Discovery of penicillin was a great revolutionary event in the history of Medicine. The 1950s was known as the golden era. However, the evolution of antimicrobial resistance has posed as a global threat and this has become an issue of serious concern. Now we are heading towards the post-antibiotic era. According to WHO, small injuries may result in death in future, if we fail to act against antimicrobial resistance now Also, they predict that the human and animals may face Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) epidemics as we faced cholera and tuberculosis epidemics in the past. The global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system reported that around 5,00,000 people are suffering from antimicrobial resistance annually. In the USA and Europe, nearly 50,000 people are dying each year due to antimicrobial resistance. In India, almost 60,000 newborn babies die every year due to infections caused by MDR bacteria. Director-General of WHO, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus says, “Antimicrobial resistance is a global emergency that will seriously threaten in modern medicine”.

Antibiotics are also known as antibacterial agents, which were extensively used in the second half of the twentieth century. But after a few decades, the development of resistance in bacteria stopped their success as effective therapeutics. Humans have overused antibiotics for all kinds of simple bacterial infections, sore throat, and pneumonia